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Speech by ETAN's Chris Lundry at Freeport protest
December 14, 2012
My name is Chris Lundry, and I am a research prof at ASU. I work in Indonesia, Timor Leste and Southeast Asia. I have been a member of the East Timor and Indonesia Action Network since 1994. I have worked in and written about the situation in West Papua, which is what I want to talk about today. I am not surprised, however, that we have representatives from all over Arizona here to protest conditions at Freeport in place such as Bisbee. Freeport has a diabolical history in Indonesia, and apparently it doesn't much care for workers here in Arizona either. I would like to take a few minutes to speak about Freeport's despicable behavior in Indonesia.
Freeport came to Indonesia to exploit gold and copper discovered in the remote region of West Papua, and signed a contract in 1967 with the brutal Major General Suharto, who had come to office two years prior after a coup d'etat in which hundreds of thousands of people were killed, suspected of being leftists or communists, and tens of thousands more were imprisoned without trial. It was the height of the Cold War, the US was embroiled in Vietnam, and we were pleased that we had a new ally in Southeast Asia. So we overlooked the mass murder and extrajudicial executions, and Suharto became our guy in the region.
The region of West Papua, where Freeport operates the world's largest open pit gold mine and second largest open pit copper mine, had been embroiled in political intrigue of its own. Promised independence by the Dutch before Indonesia won its revolution, West Papua was instead taken over by Indonesia in 1962; the Dutch fled, and the UN signed off on the takeover. West Papuans played almost no role in the negotiations between the Dutch, the Indonesians, and the UN over the fate of the territory. US President Kennedy said at the time that it would be better to appease mammoth Indonesia than worry about the fate of 700,000 living in the "Stone Age." The Indonesians persecuted, tortured and killed West Papuans who dared to aspire to independence, and began flooding the region with people from other islands in Indonesia to water down the population. Freeport signed its contract in 1967 and dictated the terms of the agreement; Suharto skimmed 10 percent of Indonesia's take. The West Papuan people, once again, were not consulted but were rather pushed off their own land. The Amungme Tribe, who lived where the mine was developed, opposed the economic and environmental violence that had been wreaked upon them. The mountain was their spiritual mother, and Freeport had come in, cut off her head, dug into her heart, and poisoned her blood; the river that runs from the mountain to the sea is now a dead zone due to the poisons emitted by Freeport.
A sham referendum was held in 1969 – still at the height of the Cold War, and the US and the West supported it, and the UN signed off on it. 1200 West Papuans, many at gunpoint, were forced to agree to integration. West Papuans were denied a one person – one vote referendum as they demanded, and those who spoke out were tortured or murdered. Once again, the voice of the West Papuans was silenced.
Freeport operates in the region with impunity. It has been implicated in murder and torture, and pays the Indonesian police and military to act as a private militia on its behalf in order to guarantee profits before people. Anyone who opposes Freeport's policies risks imprisonment, torture, or disappearance. The Indonesians go along with it, because Freeport is the largest foreign contributor to the Indonesian tax base.
Despite recent moves toward democratization in Indonesia, the region of West Papua remains an Indonesian colony. Papuans are exploited in every way imaginable. People from other regions of Indonesia own the businesses, make the money, and govern the territory. Justifications for this are usually housed in racism: Papuans are stupid, Papuans are lazy. My experience tells me otherwise: Papuans are exploited, outgunned, and subjected to fear, intimidation and violence.
Let me emphatically state that I do not claim to speak on behalf of the West Papuan people. Rather, I support the right of the West Papuan people to speak for themselves, and to be able to live lives free of exploitation and violence. Freeport McMoran continues to be an obstacle to that goal. 45% of the company's profits come from Indonesia, and yet its workers are paid $2-$3 a day, among the lowest wages in the world for mine workers. In case you're wondering, Freeport made 4.5 billion dollars in profits last year. Last Year, Richard Adkerson, the CEO of Freeport, broke Arizona's executive pay record and took home 82 million dollars, according to the Arizona Republic.
Last Year the United Steelworkers, in solidarity with workers in West Papua, submitted a formal complaintto the US Department of Justice, urging them to investigate Freeport's violations of the foreign Corrupt Practices Act for the bribery of Indonesian security forces. Freeport has blood on its hands and can well afford to pay its workers better. Instead it chooses to use violence, corruption and intimidation to increase profits. And now we're seeing Freeport's exploitation up close in Bisbee. Shame on Freeport! Workers' rights are human rights! As an American and an Arizonan, I stand in solidarity with the oppressed people of Papua, and oppressed workers everywhere. No blood for copper, no blood for gold!
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