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In Nepal, poverty crisis is killing the next generation
Agence France Presse - January 11, 2012
Two years ago doctors had given Rohan little chance of survival after he was born weighing just 750 grams, barely a quarter of the minimum healthy weight for a newborn. Today he weighs seven kilograms, still dangerously light, but his measurements are improving and health workers are optimistic.
"When he was born no one believed he would survive," says Padma, 24, as she cradles her child outside her mud home in Mangalsen, the main town in the remote hill district of Achham in western Nepal.
"I get really worried every time he is sick, every time he gets a fever," she continues, as a health visitor measures the circumference of Rohan's arms.
Rohan's story is all-too-common in Nepal, where a child malnutrition epidemic described by humanitarian organizations as a "silent emergency" is claiming the lives of thousands of infants each year.
Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries, with more than half the population living on less than $1.25 a day. Development has been severely hit by the 10-year civil war between Maoist rebels and state security forces that ended in 2006.
According to government statistics 1.7 million children (nearly half of all under-fives) suffer from chronic malnutrition, a long-term condition also known as stunting.
The figure rises to 60 percent in Achham, one of the poorest areas in South Asia where contaminated water and poor sanitation result in deadly outbreaks of cholera during the monsoon season. Acute malnutrition, a condition known as "wasting" blamed for half of Nepal's infant deaths, is thought to affect 18 percent.
Mark Arnoldy, an executive director of the Nyaya Health charity who worked in Achham for three years, describes malnutrition as "a nasty cocktail" of poor food security exacerbated by bouts of diarrhoea, pneumonia and worms.
"In regard to breastfeeding, 25 percent of women that give birth in Nepal do so while malnourished," he said. "So breast milk is often insufficient."
Development agencies say nearly a quarter of Nepalese still have no access to even basic health care.
Saru Nepali, 25, is forced to leave her four children to fend for themselves when she heads from their home in the village of Biraltoli to earn money for food by collecting firewood in the jungle.
While she is away her 18-month-old son Nilesh, unable to feed himself, is slowly starving and is highly malnourished. It is a grim irony not lost on Saru, who knows her entire family will go hungry if she stops working to care for Nilesh.
"The older brother is supposed to feed him but we don't know if he does or not," says community health volunteer Mangala Biswo-Karma. "She has a husband but he works in India and is often not here. I've been looking after Nilesh for a long time but there has been little improvement and he is still suffering."
In 2008 Unicef began a community-based approach to combating acute malnutrition, using local volunteers like Mangala to deliver "ready-to-eat therapeutic food" sachets to sick children in the poorest districts.
Unicef has also delivered 10 million sachets of micronutrient powders (supplements sprinkled on food) to 67,000 young children in the country's poorest areas.
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