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Key players in Thailand's political turmoil
Agence France Presse - April 13, 2009
Thailand's four years of political turmoil have been dominated by a group of key figures and groups all defined by their relations to ousted prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The following explains the main players involved:
Thaksin Shinawatra
The telecoms tycoon-turned-politician came to power in elections 2001. The former policeman's policies won over the poor but also launched controversial crackdowns on drug traffickers and separatist militants in the south that left thousands dead.
Mr Thaksin also faced opposition from elite circles in the palace, military and bureaucracy.
Allegations of corruption and accusations that he had insulted the revered monarchy eventually led to him being ousted in a 2006 coup, after months of protests by the yellow-shirted People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD).
He fled into exile in August 2008 before a court sentenced him in absentia to two years in jail for alleged graft. Thailand has also frozen his $US2 billion ($2.8 billion) fortune.
Abhisit Vejjajiva
Educated at Britain's elite Eton College and Oxford University, Mr Abhisit came to power in December in a parliamentary vote after a court forced Mr Thaksin's allies from power.
Mr Abhisit leads the Democrat Party, which was in power before Mr Thaksin's rise to the top. The party is the biggest in a fragile coalition government that also includes defectors formerly loyal to Mr Thaksin.
His failure to prevent protesters from wrecking a key summit of Asian leaders has weakened his backing from the influential military.
Red Shirts
The United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship, the group behind the current protests in Bangkok, supports Mr Thaksin. It was formed last year to hit back against the rival, yellow-clad PAD.
The red shirts want Mr Abhisit to resign and call elections, saying that his rise to power was illegitimate. Their base is drawn from the poorest sections of society, in particular the north and north-east of Thailand.
Trademarks include their scarlet shirts and plastic clappers shaped like hearts and feet which they wave at rallies.
Yellow Shirts
The People's Alliance for Democracy, formed in late 2005 to oppose Mr Thaksin, claims allegiance to the throne and is backed by the country's Bangkok-based elite.
Its rallies in 2006 helped trigger the coup that unseated Mr Thaksin but, after a year of military rule, the PAD was dismayed to see Mr Thaksin's allies re-elected and it re-formed in early 2008.
Its campaign of street protests escalated to a four-month siege of government offices and finally a nine-day blockade of Bangkok's airports. It stood down after Mr Thaksin's allies lost power in December.
Blue Shirts
A shadowy pro-government militia linked to politician Newin Chidchob, the son of the parliamentary speaker, whose defection from Mr Thaksin's allies was vital for Mr Abhisit to form a government in December.
The mob was first seen in March protecting Bangkok airport from a possible seizure by the Red Shirts.
They reappeared in the beach resort of Pattaya at the weekend, clashing with the pro-Thaksin protesters who later derailed the Asian summit.
Army
The military constantly looms in the background of Thailand, which has had 18 coups since 1932, when the country became a constitutional monarchy.
Anger against the army's role in politics peaked with the bloody suppression of protests against a military-run government in 1992.
A new constitution formed in 1997 was meant to usher out the era of coups, but that collapsed with Mr Thaksin's ouster nine years later.
The army remained in charge for a year after the coup until elections in December 2007.
The military has since seemed unwilling to intervene, failing to stop the PAD protests last year and doing little to prevent the storming of the Pattaya summit.
King
Thailand is a constitutional monarchy nominally headed by revered King Bhumibol Adulyadej. King Bhumibol has presided over more than 25 prime ministers and 18 constitutions.
The king does not publicly arbitrate in times of crisis. But during the 1992 uprising he chastised both the military and protest leaders, effectively bringing an end to the violence.
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